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Chapter 1. Trans Fat – An Overview
The right fats and oils can improve the healthiness of our diet. So, it is very important for us to know what types of oil or fat are necessary. High consumption of trans fats, saturated fats and cholesterol increase lipid levels in the blood. This, in turn, increases that person’s risk of coronary heart disease or other serious medical consequences.
Trans fat is one type of fat that does us more harm than good.
History
Nobel laureate Paul Sabatier in the 1890s worked towards developing the chemistry of hydrogenation to advance the oil hydrogenation, margarine, and synthetic methanol industries. In 1901, German chemist Wilhelm Normann, found the way to hydrogenate the liquid oils. The year 1909 saw Procter & Gamble acquire the US rights to the Normann patent. Subsequently, Procter & Gamble began marketing the first hydrogenated shortening, Crisco®.
Trans Fatty Acids (TFA)
Trans Fatty Acids (TFA) are a cause of health concern for everyone in the world today. TFA have ‘trans’; double bonds within the fatty acid molecule. This imparts the oil with a higher melting point and more solid form. As a result, the food acquires perfect solidity, texture and a longer shelf life.
Around 90 percent of the trans fatty acids in a person’s diet today comes from a vegetable or plant-derived primary food source in the form of processed, or fast food.
Snacks like crackers, cookies, potato chips etc. contain around 25-50 percent of their total fat as TFA. Cakes, doughnuts, French fries, fast-food products, etc. are rich in TFA.
Effects of Trans Fats on Human Health and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
The trans fats that we consume through fast foods and other processed food are major causes for coronary heart diseases. A study carried out on 80,082 women over 14 years, showed that the chances of developing coronary heart disease doubled with every 2 percent increase in the energy intake from trans fatty acids. This finding is disturbing by itself but, when compared on an equal intake basis, the risks were even higher.
For example, a 5 percent energy intake in saturated fats increased the risk by 17 percent while a 2 percent greater intake of energy from trans fatty acids increased the risk factor by 93 percent.
Studies have also revealed that trans fats increase the total LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterols and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The trans fatty acids also reduce the HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol level.
The lowering of the HDL means a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.
High trans fatty acids intake may interfere with conversion and metabolism of omega-3 fatty acids too. Omega-3 fatty acids are important for proper functioning of the brain and the eyes. There is enough evidence to prove that trans fatty acid intake during pregnancy has a highly damaging effect in development and growth of the infants.
American Heart Association Recommendation
The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends strongly to all consumers that they read the nutrition labels before making a purchase of any food product. You should limit consumption of saturated fat to as low as 7 percent of your energy intake and further limit the intake of trans fats to less than 1 percent of energy. Also, please keep the cholesterol intake to less than 300 mg per day.
This ebook discusses the whole subject of trans fats and the potential ill effects on our health.
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Chapter 2. What is Trans Fat?
There are four types of fats that are found in food:
1) Monounsaturated Fat 2) Polyunsaturated Fat 3) Saturated Fat 4) Trans Fat
Monounsaturated fats, along with the polyunsaturated fats are “the healthy fats.”
Trans fatty acids are commonly termed as trans fats and are the worst kind of fats for our health.
Most trans fats that we consume are industrially created. Partial hydrogenation is an industrial process which transforms good oil into bad oil. Unlike other fats, trans fat is not beneficial for health. Trans fats that come from partial hydrogenated oils are believed to be more of a health risk. Those trans fats should be completely eliminated from our diet.
Partially hydrogenated oil is used as cooking oils for frying in restaurants and is also found in baked products like cookies, cakes, crackers and bread.
Many commercially packed goods and commercially fried foods tend to contain trans fat. In fact, any food product that contains ‘partially–hydrogenated vegetable oils,’ ‘hydrogenated vegetable oils,’ or ‘shortening’ contains trans fat. Trans fat is also easily noticeable in fast-food, snack food, fried food and baked goods.
Researchers have recommendations related to the trans fatty acids. First, trans fatty acids are not essential and provide no known benefit to human health. Second, both saturated and trans fats increase levels of LDL cholesterol, also known as bad cholesterol, and lowers the level of HDL cholesterol which is a good cholesterol. This increases the risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).
Fully Hydrogenated Oil
Fully hydrogenated oil contains Stearic acid which is converted into oleic acid, a kind of a monounsaturated that does not raise LDL cholesterol when consumed. Check food labels so that you can minimize the intake of saturated and trans fat. According to the Nutrition Facts Panel, from January 1, 2006, the content of trans fats has to be listed on all the packaged food products.
Trans Fat in Our Food
In the United States, the manufacturers need to list trans fat content on the nutrition label. In other countries, similar steps have been taken by the manufacturers.
However, as of this writing, the USA suppliers are allowed to list Zero trans fats, but still have trace trans fats in the food. Anytime that you see Zero trans fats, still look at the label, then look for the saturated fats, look to see total fats. There may be a small hidden percentage of trans fats that are “under the radar.”
In the USA, if the partially hydrogenated fat is replaced with natural hydrogenated vegetable oil, then almost 30,000 premature coronary related deaths per year might be prevented.
The above are first two chapters in the book "Trans Fat Survival Solution".
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The remaining chapters are: 3. The Chemistry of Trans Fats 4. Hidden Trans Fat in Food 5. Types of Dietary Fats You Can Choose 6. What Should You Eat and What to Avoid 7. Trans Fat Myths 8. Associating Trans Fat with Heart Disease 9. Hidden Dangers of Trans Fat 10. Trans Fat and Cholesterol 11. Trans Fats, Diabetes and Obesity 12. Trans Fats, Pregnancy, Breast Feeding and Babies 13. Trans Fats, Alzheimer Disease and Cognitive Decline 14. Trans Fats Cause Essential Fatty Acids Deficiency 16. Understanding the ‘Daily Value’ 17. Tips to Spot Trans Fat in Foods 18. Public Response and Regulation 19. Choosing Healthier Foods 20. Alternatives to Trans Fats 21. Suggested Menu for Every Meal 22. Fats and Their Substitutes 23. How to Be a Smart Shopper 24. Trans Fat FAQ
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Bonus! When you buy the book "Trans Fat Survival Solution" for $17, you also get the following 8 other books for free!
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Your purchase through PayPal is fully secure. Your purchase is also fully guaranteed - if for any reason within the next 8 weeks, you are not satisfied with your purchase, you can get all your money back. You can even keep the books. What have you got to lose with this iron-clad guarantee? To start learning to refinish your wooden furniture and a host of many other useful and fun things, click the PayPal button now for immediate download.
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For $17 you get
Trans Fat Survival Solution + Bio Living in a High-Tecch World + Your Diet and Cancer + De-Mystifying Cancer + Understanding Incontinence + All About Asthma + The Complete Guide to Migraine Headaches + How to Overcome Dandruff and Other Scalp Disorders + The Complete Guide to the Use and Abuse of Steroids
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Brought to you by Jacob Gan, PhD (Michigan)
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